In the measurement procedure described, a Thermogravimetric-Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG-DSC) method was employed, commonly referred to as STA (Simultaneous Thermal Analysis). The primary constituents of cement encompass tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, and tricalcium aluminates.

Upon mixing the raw cement with water, a gradual formation of different hydrates ensues. When subjected to STA, the absorbed water initially evaporates during thermal decomposition. Subsequently, the hydrates of calcium silicate undergo decomposition, with the hydroxides of calcium, magnesium, and aluminum following suit at approximately 570°C.

These transformations are evident as distinct mass loss steps (as indicated by the red curve) accompanied by parallel endothermic effects on the DSC signal (illustrated by the blue curve). Consequentially, carbon dioxide is liberated from the carbonates, resulting in a substantial mass loss step occurring around 800°C.