DIL L75 PT Horizontal
Research Dual- and Differential Dilatometer series
Description
On point
The horizontal dilatometer DIL L75 H has been specifically designed to meet the requirements of the global academic and research community. This system enables precise determination of the thermal expansion behavior of a wide range of materials, including solids, liquids, powders, and pastes, for various applications. The unique design of this instrument ensures the highest levels of precision, reproducibility, and accuracy. Moreover, it can perform measurements under different conditions, including vacuum, oxidizing atmospheres, and reducing atmospheres.
The DIL L75 H system is available in single, dual, or differential versions, allowing for even greater precision and increased sample throughput. Additionally, the mechanical and electronic components of the dilatometer can be separated, facilitating measurements within a glove box if needed.
One notable feature of this system is the automatic pressure control, which enables continuous adjustment of the contact pressure within a range of 10 to 1000 mN, depending on the specific application. This control mechanism ensures that the selected contact pressure is maintained throughout the expansion and/or shrinkage of the sample.
Specifications
| Model | DIL L75 H* |
|---|---|
| Temperature range: | -180 up to 2800°C |
| Price range: | $$ |
| LVDT: | |
| Delta L resolution: | 0,03 nm |
| Measuring range: | +/- 2500 µm |
| Contact force: | 10 mN up to 1 N |
| Optical Encoder: | |
| Delta L resolution: | 0,1 nm |
| Measuring range: | +/- 25000 µm |
| Automatic sample length detection: | yes |
| Kraftmodulation: | yes |
| Force modulation: | yes |
| Contact force: | 10 mN up to 5N |
| Multiple furnace configuration: | up to 2 furnaces |
| Motorized furnace operation: | optional |
| – (Unsichtbar, siehe EXTRA CLASS NAME unten) – | – (Unsichtbar, siehe EXTRA CLASS NAME unten) – |
|---|---|
| Gas dosing: | manual gas dosing or mass flow controller 1/3 or more gases |
| Contact force adjustment: | included |
| Single/double dilatometer: | optional |
| Softening point detection: | included |
| Density determination: | included |
| L-DTA: | optional (up to 2000°C) |
| Rate controlled sintering (RCS): | included |
| Thermal library: | included |
| Electric thermostatization of measuring head: | included |
| Low temperature options: | LN2, Intra |
| Vacuum tight design: | yes |
| Automatic evacuation system: | optional |
| OGS oxygen getter system: | optional |
Furnaces
| Temperature | Type | Heating element | Atmosphere | Temperature sensor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -180 – 500°C | L75/264 | Thermo coax | inert, oxid., red., vac. | Type K |
| -180 – 700°C | L75/264/700 | Thermo coax | inert, oxid., red., vac. | Type K |
| -180 up to 1000 | L75/264/1000 | Thermo coax | inert, oxid., red., vac. | Type K |
| RT – 1000°C | L75/220 | Kanthal | inert, oxid., red., vac. | Type K |
| RT – 1400°C | L75/230 | Kanthal | inert, oxid., red., vac. | Type S |
| RT – 1600°C | L75/240 | SiC | inert, oxid., red., vac. | Type S |
| RT – 1650°C | L75/240 PT | Platinum | inert, oxid., red., vac. | Type S |
| RT – 2000°C | L75/260 | Graphite | N2/Vac. | Type C and/or pyrometer |
| RT – 2800°C | L75/280 | Graphite | N2/Vac. | Pyrometer |
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Measuring System for DIL
- Different types (designs/materials) of sample holders
- Vernier calipers for online input of the sample length
- Selection of manual, semi-automatic and automatic (MFC), Gas Boxes for up to 4 gases
- Instruments for sample preparation
- Software Option for rate controlled sintering (RCS)
- Various rotary and turbo-molecular pumps
- Possibility to operate under H2
Comparsion between LVDT and linear optical encoder
LVDT
The LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) consists out of 3 coils: the LVDT body and the movable core. The primary coil is excited by a low frequency AC voltage. The two secondary coils are put in series with reversed polarity. The horizontal position of the core defines the amount of coupling between the primary and the secondary coils.
When the core is in the center position, the induced voltages in the secondary coils have the same amplitude. Due to reversed polarity of the two coils the sum (output voltage) is zero. When the core moves, the coupling between primary and secondary coils changes. So, in one secondary coil the induced voltages increases, while in the other the voltage decreases. So, the sum of both is no longer zero. The sum of amplitude depends on the amount of movement of the core, while the phase (polarity) depends on the direction of the movement.
The LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) is composed of three coils: the LVDT body and the movable core. It operates by applying a low-frequency AC voltage to the primary coil. The two secondary coils are connected in series with opposite polarity. The horizontal position of the core determines the level of coupling between the primary and secondary coils.
When the core is in the center position, the induced voltages in the secondary coils have equal amplitudes. As a result of the reversed polarity of the two coils, their sum (output voltage) is zero. However, as the core moves, the coupling between the primary and secondary coils changes. In one secondary coil, the induced voltage increases, while in the other, it decreases. This alters the sum of both secondary coil outputs from zero. The magnitude of this sum is proportional to the extent of core movement, while the phase (polarity) depends on the direction of the core’s movement.
Linear Optical Encoder
A linear optical encoder operates by utilizing a ruler made of materials such as glass or metal, featuring a distinct optical pattern. This pattern often consists of alternating transparent and non-transparent sections, or reflective and non-reflective lines. A light source emits light towards the ruler, and the transitions between bright and dark or reflective and non-reflective areas are detected and measured. The number of these transitions that are counted corresponds to the displacement of the object being measured, while the phase relationship between the two detectors, typically labeled as A and B, provides information about the direction of the movement.
Software
All LINSEIS thermo analytical instruments are PC controlled. The individual software modules exclusively run under Microsoft® Windows® operating systems. The complete software consists of 3 modules: temperature control, data acquisition and data evaluation.
The software incorporates all essential features for measurement preparation, execution, and evaluation of a Dilatometer measurement.
DIL-Features
- Glass transition and softening point evaluation
- Softening point detection with automatic software controlled system shut down
- Display of relative/absolute shrinkage or expansion curves
- Presentation and calculation of technical / physical expansion coefficient
- Rate Controlled Sintering (RCS) Software
- Sinter process evaluation
- Semiautomatic evaluation functions
- Several system correction features
- Automatic zero point adjustment
- Automatic software controlled sample pressure adjustment
General features
- Program capable of text editing
- Data security in case of power failure
- Thermocouple break protection
- Repetition measurements with minimum parameter input
- Evaluation of current measurement
- Curve comparison up to 32 curves
- Storage and export of evaluations
- Export and import of data ASCII
- Data export to MS Excel
- Multi-methods analysis (DSC TG, TMA, DIL, etc.)
- Zoom function
- 1 and 2 derivation
- Programmable gas control
- Statistical evaluation package
- Free scaling
Applications
Application example: Rock – Crystal (Calculated DTA)
The L75 Dilatometer is employed to assess the thermal expansion of rock crystal. Additionally, the Dilatometer features a DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis) capability, which provides a comprehensive view of the material’s thermal behavior. The DTA measurement relies on a mathematical routine that considers the sample’s temperature. During dynamic heating or cooling, exothermic and endothermic effects influence the sample temperature. At approximately 575 °C, a phase transition occurs. The deviation of the measured temperature from the literature value of 574 °C can be used for temperature calibration.
Application example
In this application example, the linear thermal expansion (delta L) and the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of the sample are analyzed under an argon atmosphere. The heating rate employed for the analysis is 5 K/min. At a temperature of 736.3 °C, which corresponds to the peak temperature of the CTE curve, shrinkage in the sample is observed. This shrinkage is attributed to a change in the atomic structure, referred to as the Curie point. The variation between the measured CTE and the literature value may be due to sample contamination.
External applications
On the Dissimilar Metal Welding of 1.4742 Ferritic to 310S Austenitic Stainless Steels Utilizing Different Filler Metals (published Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis)
Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) study in metal matrix composite of CuSiC vs AlSiC (published IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering)
Thermal Properties of Alkali Activated Slag Plaster for Wooden Structures (published Scientific Reports)
Downloads
DIL L76 and 75 Product brochure (PDF)
