DIL L78 QDT / RITA
Quenching Dilatometer and Deformation Dilatometer – TTT- CCT- CHT – Diagram
Description
On point
The Quenching and Deformation Dilatometer L78 QDT is designed for precisely determining TTT (Time-Temperature-Transformation), CHT (Continuous Cooling Transformation), and CCT (Continuous Cooling Transformation) diagrams, making it highly suitable for studying the behavior of steel under various thermal conditions. This advanced system is equipped with a special induction furnace that allows for exceptionally fast heating and cooling rates exceeding 4000 K/s, ensuring rapid and accurate temperature transitions. Furthermore, it adheres to the standards outlined in ASTM A1033.
The method:
The methodology employed in this practice is rooted in the fundamental concept that as steel undergoes heating and cooling processes, it experiences changes in its dimensions. These changes are primarily attributed to both thermal expansion linked to temperature fluctuations and phase transformations occurring within the material. To carry out this practice, sensitive high-speed quenching dilatometer equipment is utilized to detect and quantify alterations in the dimensions of the steel specimen. These changes are recorded over defined thermal cycles, revealing the relationship between time and temperature in the context of the material’s response to these thermal conditions.
Main advantaged of the DIL L78 RITA QDT Quenching Dilatometer and Deformation Dilatometer:
This instrument offers versatile measurement capabilities, allowing for tests to be conducted under various environmental conditions, including vacuum, inert, oxidized, and reduced atmospheres. It covers a wide temperature range, spanning from -150°C (with the low-temperature option) to a maximum of 1600°C, all in a single experimental run.
What sets this instrument apart is its exceptional heating and cooling system, which enables extremely rapid and precise heat-up and cool-down rates, reaching speeds of up to 4000 K/s. Additionally, with the optional susceptor, it becomes possible to analyze non-metallic samples, expanding its applicability.
This specialized Quenching dilatometer is specifically tailored for the determination of crucial diagrams like continuous cooling (CHT), continuous heating (CCT), and isothermal transformation (TTT) diagrams.
The acquired data are converted into discrete strain values at specific time and temperature points throughout the thermal cycle. This strain-versus-time or strain-versus-temperature data can then be utilized to identify the initiation and completion of one or more phase transformations within the material.
All critical parameters, including heating and cooling rates, gas control, and safety features, are meticulously managed through software control. The instrument is operated with the Linseis TA-WIN software, which exclusively runs on the Microsoft© operating system.
The software package bundled with the instrument efficiently handles both routine tasks such as generating CHT/CCT/TTT diagrams and more complex applications. Furthermore, it offers the flexibility of exporting data in ASCII format and creating graphical outputs for analysis.
As steel undergoes heating, crystallographic transformations occur, transitioning between phases like ferrite, pearlite, bainite, martensite, or combinations of these constituents to austenite. During the cooling phase, the reverse transformations take place, converting austenite back into ferrite, pearlite, bainite, martensite, or their combinations.
The LINSEIS L78 Quenching Dilatometer and Deformation Dilatometer have been expertly designed to handle these demanding rapid expansion measurements. Key features of this instrument include high-speed data acquisition and control, a unique gas quenching setup, and precise temperature measurement arrangements, making it an exceptional tool for studying phase transformations in steel.
Specifications
| Model | DIL L78/Rita Q Quenching |
|---|---|
| Furnace: | Induction Furnace |
| Temperature range: | -150°C up to 1600°C |
| Price range: | $$ |
| Sample geometry: | solid/hollow samples |
| Sample diameter: | ø 3 mm hollow: 3.5mm OD / 3mm ID |
| Sample length: | 10 mm |
| Heating rates: | ≤ 4000 K/s |
| Cooling rate: | ≤ 4000 K/s |
| Length change measurement: | +/- 1.2mm |
| Model | DIL L78/Rita Q/D Quenching + Deformation |
|---|---|
| Furnace: | Induction Furnace |
| Temperature range: | -100°C up to 1600°C |
| Price range: | $$$ |
| Sample geometry: | solid and hollow samples |
| Sample diameter: | ø 3 mm |
| Sample length: | 10 mm |
| Heating rate: | ≤ 4000 K/s |
| Cooling rate: | ≤ 2500 K/s |
| Length change measurement: | +/- 1,2 mm (resolution 0,01 µm) |
| Data sampling rate (for temeprature, length, force): |
≤ 1 kHz |
| Model | DIL L78/Rita Q/D/T Quenching, Deformation and Tension |
|---|---|
| Furnace: | Induction Furnace |
| Temperature range: | -100°C up to 1600°C |
| Price range: | $$$ |
| Sample geometry: | solid samples |
| Sample diameter: | ø 5 mm |
| Sample length: | 10 mm |
| Heating rates: | ≤ 125 K/s |
| Cooling rates: | ≤ 125 K/s |
| Heating and cooling rates (combinded deformation): |
max. 100 K/s |
| Deformation force: | 22 kN |
| Deformation rate: | 0.01 – 100 mm/s (more on request) |
| True strain: | 0.02 to 1.2 ms |
| Length change measurement: | +/- 5 mm (resolution 0,05 µm) |
| Data sampling (for temperature, length, force): |
≤ 1 kHz |
| Minimum pause between two deformation steps: | 60 ms |
| Atmoshphere: | protective gases, vacuum down to 10-5 mbar |
| Mechanical control modes: | stroke, force, strain rate (optional) |
Accessories for Quenching Dilatometer
The instrument is equipped with a range of additional components and accessories to enhance its versatility:
- Various vacuum pumps, including turbomolecular pumps, for precise control of the testing environment.
- A thermocouple welder for ensuring accurate and reliable connections during experiments.
- Different sample preparation devices to accommodate various sample types and shapes.
- A low-temperature attachment that extends testing capabilities down to -150°C, allowing for a broader range of experiments.
- Selection of gas handling options, including manual, semi-automatic, and automatic (MFC) Gas Boxes that can support up to four different gases for tailored testing environments.
- LN2 cooling for efficient temperature control and cooling during experiments.
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Software
All LINSEIS thermo-analytical instruments are seamlessly integrated with PC control, operating exclusively under Microsoft® Windows® operating systems. The software suite comprises three key modules, each dedicated to specific functions: temperature control, data acquisition, and data evaluation. This comprehensive 32-bit software encompasses all the essential tools required for preparing, executing, and analyzing Dilatometer measurements. Through collaboration with our specialists and application experts, LINSEIS has crafted user-friendly application software that is both extensive and easy to navigate.
DIL-Features:
- Display of relative and absolute shrinkage or expansion curves, providing a clear visualization of the material’s dimensional changes over the temperature range.
- Presentation and calculation of technical and physical expansion coefficients, facilitating precise assessment of material properties.
- Semiautomatic evaluation functions that streamline the data analysis process, enhancing efficiency.
- Incorporation of several system correction features, ensuring accuracy and reliability in measurement results.
- The software also offers a specialized package for the creation of CCT (Continuous Cooling Transformation), CHT (Continuous Heating Transformation), and TTT (Time-Temperature-Transformation) diagrams, enabling in-depth exploration of material behavior under varying thermal conditions.
General Features
- Program capable of text editing
- Data security in case of power failure
- Thermocouple break protection
- Repetition measurements with minimum parameter input
- Evaluation of current measurement
- Curve comparison up to 32 curves
- Storage and export of evaluations
- Export and import of data ASCII
- Data export to MS Excel
- Multi-methods analysis (DSC TG, TMA, DIL, etc.)
- Zoom function
- 1 and 2 derivation
- Programmable gas control
- Statistical evaluation package
- Free scaling
Applications
Phase transformation of steel
The L78 Q and L78 Q/D dilatometers excel in accurately measuring phase transformations in steel, even at high heating and cooling rates. Understanding the transitions between various steel phases and the temperatures at which they occur is paramount for generating TTT (Time-Temperature-Transformation), CCT (Continuous Cooling Transformation), and CHT (Continuous Heating Transformation) diagrams.
In a practical scenario, a steel sample is initially heated above its austenitic temperature during an initial ramp. Subsequently, the sample is rapidly quenched and cooled. The resulting diagram provides a visual representation of the starting point (Ar3) and the conclusion (Ar1) of the phase transformation from austenite to ferrite. These crucial temperature data points can then be incorporated into a CCT diagram, factoring in the quenching rate, to further elucidate the material’s behavior under varying cooling conditions.
Continuous cooling transformation diagram (CCT)
The L78 Q and L78 Q/D dilatometers excel in accurately measuring phase transformations in steel, even at high heating and cooling rates. Understanding the transitions between various steel phases and the temperatures at which they occur is paramount for generating TTT (Time-Temperature-Transformation), CCT (Continuous Cooling Transformation), and CHT (Continuous Heating Transformation) diagrams.
In a practical scenario, a steel sample is initially heated above its austenitic temperature during an initial ramp. Subsequently, the sample is rapidly quenched and cooled. The resulting diagram provides a visual representation of the starting point (Ar3) and the conclusion (Ar1) of the phase transformation from austenite to ferrite. These crucial temperature data points can then be incorporated into a CCT diagram, factoring in the quenching rate, to further elucidate the material’s behavior under varying cooling conditions.
2-Step Deformation Test
The L78 Q/D instrument proves invaluable in optimizing the quenching rate following multi-stage deformations, facilitating the fine-tuning of steel processing to control its crystalline structure and resultant physical properties.
In a practical scenario, the steel sample initially undergoes heating, leading to thermal expansion. Subsequently, the material is maintained at an isothermal state and subjected to a sequence of two deformation steps: an initial deformation of 1 mm over a 10-second period, followed by a second deformation of 1 mm over another 10-second interval. Following these deformation steps, the material undergoes quenching, during which both contraction and phase transformation are meticulously measured.
The data derived from these experiments serve as invaluable insights for manufacturers, aiding them in optimizing their production processes to achieve steels with the desired physical properties.
External application
Dilatometric Study of the Formation of Martensite and of the Effects of Stabilization of Austenite in High-Chromium Pipe Steel (published Physics of Metals and Metallography)
Optimization of the Continuous Galvanizing Heat Treatment Process in Ultra-High Strength Dual Phase Steels Using a Multivariate Model (published Metals)
Analysis of the effect of immersion rate on thedistortion and residual stresses in quenched SAE5160 steel using FEM (published Journal of Materials Research and Technology)
FORMATION OF GRAIN AND PACKET-LATH STRUCTURE IN LOW-CARBON STEELS AFTER QUENCHING FROM INTERCRITICAL TEMPERATURE RANGE (published Metal Science and Heat Treatment)
Study on Non-Isothermal Transformation of Ti-6Al-4V in Solution Heating Stage (published Metals)
An in situ and ex situ study of χ phase formation in a hypoeutectic Fe-based hardfacing alloy (published Materials and Design)
Video
Downloads
DIL L78 RITA QDT Product brochure (PDF)
