
STA HP 3 (high pressure TG-DSC)
High Pressure TG-DSC – Table version
Description
On point
Introducing the innovative STA HP 3, a high-pressure thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA+DSC) instrument by Linseis. Drawing upon 25 years of experience in high-pressure thermal analysis, the STA HP 3 is a breakthrough in simultaneous thermal analysis.
This cutting-edge device features a high-speed micro-furnace capable of reaching temperatures up to 1200°C, a convenient top-loading microbalance, and a true TG-DSC design, offering exciting new analytical possibilities. Its tabletop design, optional vapor generator, and various gas dosing systems provide unmatched flexibility.
The STA HP 3 stands as the world’s sole top-loading combined TG-DSC instrument, accommodating experiments in reactive or inert atmospheres at temperatures up to 1200°C and pressures up to 150 bar.

One of its standout features is the user-friendly, interchangeable TGA or TG-DSC plug-and-play sensors. This adaptability allows you to choose the right sensor for your specific experiment, whether it’s TGA-only analysis with volumes up to 1 ml or combined TGA-DSC analysis with volumes of 0.12 or 0.3 ml.
The TG-DSC configuration enables you to simultaneously analyze weight changes and caloric events, such as endothermal or exothermal reactions and phase transitions, all within the same experiment, under consistent temperature, gas, and pressure conditions. The Linseis STA HP 3 is a game-changer in the field of thermal analysis.

The STA HP 3 boasts highly precise sample temperature measurement, achieved by direct contact between the thermocouple and the sample. This configuration eliminates temperature measurement errors that can occur when there’s a gap between the sample and the thermocouple, a common issue in setups like the levitating MSB-Magnetic Suspension Setup.
This instrument features a high-speed micro heater that enables rapid heating and cooling, with controlled heating rates of up to 300°C per minute and cooling rates of up to 150°C per minute.

The compact furnace design of the STA HP 3 allows for swift gas changes, and its low volume significantly reduces the cost of ownership by minimizing gas consumption and energy requirements.
The gas dosing system is highly flexible and incorporates robust security features. Customized gas dosing panels can be tailored to your specific needs, with the option to choose from a range of gases (standard configuration includes up to 3 gases, with more available upon request). Additionally, the instrument offers an optional vapor generator and an automatic evacuation and gas burn-off safety system for gases like hydrogen and hydrocarbons, enhancing the safety and versatility of the system.

Specifications

Model | STA HP 3 |
---|---|
Temperature range: | RT up to 1200°C |
Price range: | $$$ |
Pressure range: | up to 150 bar |
Sample mass: | Up to 5 g |
Resolution: | 0.1 ug |
Vacuum: | 10E-4 mbar |
TG-Sensors: | Type E/K/S/B/C |
TG-DSC Sensors: | Type E/K/S/B/C |
Electronics: | Integrated or separation on electronics |
Interface: | USB or Ethernet |
Vapor Generator: | Optional |
Gas Dosing: | 1, 2 or 3 Gases (more on request) |
Gas equipment


Customized gas control
The LINSEIS TG-DSC high-pressure series offers the flexibility to incorporate a variable number of mass flow controllers (MFCs) tailored to the customer’s specific requirements. This feature enables precise control, mixing, and management of a diverse array of gases, allowing for comprehensive control over atmospheres ranging from 10^-4 mbar to 150 bar across a temperature range spanning from room temperature to 1200°C.
Furthermore, the system provides the option to include condensate traps, water vapor generators, and heated transfer lines for the controlled dosing of steam and other condensing gases. All gas control panels are manufactured in accordance with rigorous German quality and safety standards and are designed with user-friendliness in mind, ensuring optimal performance and ease of use.

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Software
Introducing the new Platinum Software, which significantly enhances your workflow by streamlining the data handling process, requiring minimal parameter input for optimal results.
AutoEval, a standout feature, provides valuable guidance to users when assessing standard processes like glass transitions or melting points. The software also incorporates a Thermal Library Product Identification Tool, offering access to a database of 600 polymers for automatic identification of the tested polymer. Moreover, the software allows for instrument control and surveillance through mobile devices, granting users control from anywhere.

As for the Linseis LFA 500 Software, it offers a comprehensive array of features:
- Compatibility with the latest Windows operating system.
- A user-friendly setup menu with various entries.
- Customization of specific measuring parameters, including user, lab, sample, and company details.
- The option for password protection and user access levels.
- An undo and redo function for all steps.
- Support for multiple languages, such as English, German, French, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, and Russian (user-selectable).
- Evaluation software with a wide range of functions for complete data analysis.
- Multiple smoothing models.
- A complete evaluation history, enabling the reversal of all steps.
- Simultaneous data acquisition and evaluation.
- Data correction through zero and calibration correction.
- Data evaluation encompasses peak separation, signal correction and smoothing, first and second derivatives, curve arithmetic, data peak evaluation, glass point assessment, slope correction, zoom and individual segment display, multiple curve overlay, annotation tools, drawing tools, copy to clipboard function, and multiple export options for graphics and data, including reference-based correction.
Applications
Application: Measurement of Calciumoxalate at 100bar constant pressure
The STA HP3 is capable of operation at elevated pressures, reaching up to 100 bar. The provided scheme illustrates DSC and TG signals obtained during a run involving calcium oxalate in a static nitrogen atmosphere at 100 bar. The linear heating rate employed was 20K/min, with the temperature ramp extending up to 600°C.
In the presented data, the red TG curve showcases the initial two mass loss stages that are well-documented for calcium oxalate. However, there are notable deviations due to the high ambient pressure. The first effect corresponds to the release of water, with a distinctive observation that the enthalpy peak concludes after the onset of mass loss. This phenomenon indicates that although water is liberated, it requires additional energy to evaporate, primarily due to the elevated ambient pressure.
The second peak in the data represents the release of carbon monoxide (CO), occurring at a temperature nearly consistent with that observed at lower pressures. This consistency is attributed to the fact that this effect is a structural decomposition reaction that proceeds independently of the ambient pressure. Even when CO is eventually released, it is not as significantly affected by the high pressure as water in the initial mass loss stage. This discrepancy arises from the fact that the CO release is not governed by a chemical equilibrium and is part of an irreversible decomposition process.

Application: Pressure influence on the thermal decomposition of Calciumoxalate
Calcium oxalate monohydrate is a well-established reference material for thermo-balances and DSCs due to its characteristic thermal decomposition. This decomposition process is characterized by three distinct mass loss stages attributed to the sequential release of water (a), carbon monoxide (b), and carbon dioxide (c).
Even in pressurized atmospheres, these decomposition effects are observable, but they exhibit pressure-dependent shifts along the temperature axis. The provided scheme illustrates the decomposition of calcium oxalate monohydrate in both a 2-bar and a 100-bar nitrogen atmosphere, as measured by the Linseis STA HP3.
Notably, at the higher pressure (depicted in the blue curve), the first and last decomposition effects occur at later temperatures, while the second effect (b) occurs slightly earlier. This phenomenon can be attributed to the reversibility of the decomposition reactions that release water and carbon dioxide under higher pressure. These reactions are delayed due to the increased pressure. In contrast, the decomposition step (b), involving the release of carbon monoxide, is an irreversible decomposition reaction that remains unaffected by changes in ambient pressure, occurring independently of it.

Application: Coal gasification
One common and well-known application for High-Definition Differential Scanning Calorimetry (HDSC) measurements is the exploration of coal gasification or hydro gasification processes. This method involves heating carbon in a water vapor atmosphere and finds utility in various catalytic processes, such as the removal of carbon monoxide (CO) from exhaust emissions or the extraction of valuable organic compounds from resources like charcoal or biomass.
The entire process can be described as follows:
Charcoal or the carbon components of biomass react with water vapor, resulting in a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at elevated temperatures (C + H2O → CO + H2).
This process can be conducted with or without the presence of additional oxygen. If an oxygen-containing atmosphere is employed, it leads to the production of additional carbon monoxide through the reactions (C + O2 → CO2 followed by C + CO2 → 2 CO). Regardless of the use of oxygen, the third equation highlights the reaction of carbon monoxide with water, yielding more hydrogen (CO + H2O → CO2 + H2). Consequently, the outcome is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
These two gases are involved in chemical equilibriums, making it important to consider pressure within the system, as it influences the direction in which these equilibriums shift. Ultimately, the goal of coal gasification is to produce methanol and methane from the two gases generated (CO + 2 H2 → CH3OH; CH3OH + H2 → CH4).
In essence, this process allows for the transformation of various carbon sources into the fundamental building blocks of numerous organic compounds, including drugs, polymers, oils, waxes, fatty acids, organic acids, and more.

Application: Comparison of fast heating rates
The distinctive furnace design of the STA HP 3 enables the use of ultra-fast heating rates, even within pressurized experimental configurations. The provided curves illustrate the zero curves of an empty system, showcasing heating rates of 10, 20, and 200 K/min while maintaining a constant pressure of 10 bar in a nitrogen atmosphere.
What’s particularly noteworthy is that even at these rapid heating speeds, the system maintains the same noise level and accuracy as observed with slower heating rates. To emphasize the system’s reliability, each curve was measured twice, underscoring the excellent reproducibility, as evident in the results.

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